Human development as a factor of solidarity
The article describes how the problem of maintaining social stability in Ukrainian society during wartime prompts a search for ways to strengthen solidarity, which largely determines this stability. The authors suhhest that one such way could be to expand the conditions for human development, which have been significantly reduced during the war, provided there is a regular connection between this development and solidarity. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the existence of this connection. The study compares indicators measured in the EVS/WVS 2017–2020 project, that characterise the state of solidarity in the countries leading the global human development ranking (Human Development Index 2022) as well as in Ukraine. The results of the comparison revealed differences: solidarity indicators were significantly higher in the countries leading the human development ranking than in Ukraine. It was noted that these differences were clearly evident in all the indicators analysed in the vertical dimension of solidarity (people’s attitudes towards institutions of power) and the horizontal dimension of solidarity (attitudes towards other people), in particular with regard to people’s self-identification with their country, public trust in the executive, representative and judicial branches of government, and people’s hypothetical trust in the majority of people in general, strangers and people they know personally. The uniform direction of the identified differences gives the authors grounds to conclude that there is a central trend linking human development conditions and the state of solidarity in society. Empirical confirmation of the theoretical assumption about the link between solidarity and human development allows the authors to consider policies aimed at expanding opportunities for human development as one of the means of strengthening social solidarity – an indispensable factor in ensuring social stability, which is critically important for military resistance and post-war reconstruction in Ukraine. The article identyifies the cornerstones of the concept of human development as the fundamental guidelines for policies aimed at strengthening solidarity: improving the activities of institutions in the areas of promoting public health, quality of education, conditions for obtaining a decent income, productive creative work, and ensuring political, economic and social freedoms.
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