Cultural participation in Ukraine: barriers and incentives
The article is devoted to the analysis of cultural participation peculiarities in the current state of emergency in Ukraine. The author shows the relevance and prevalence of monitoring and international research of participation in culture and efforts to standardize cultural statistics in modern sociology. These data serve as the basis for the development of sound social and cultural policy in modern states. Based on the monitoring data of “Ukrainian society”, author revealed the downward trends of recent years aimed at attraction the majority of cultural and leisure activities, reducing costs for cultural needs, the presence of obstacles for active invovement in culture. Structural conditions of cultural stratification in the form of economics, settlement, age irregularities are reproduced.
The state of emergency in the Ukrainian society has a restraining effect on the involvement of the majority of the population in culture and leisure. 62% of respondents lack the opportunity to fully spend their holidays, 50% – full leisure. Only one in four of the respondents can afford an interesting leisure time, 17% – can spend a vacation to their liking, less than 20% of respondents allow themselves to buy modern gadgets, books and magazines, gifts, tickets to cultural and leisure facilities. The rest of the population is limited in their spendings, including through economic, settlement, age factors, health status. As potential incentives for the population participation the growing importance of such values as the democratic development of the country, the free expression of personal opinions on political and other issues, national and cultural revival, participation in the activities of parties and public organizations can be used. At the same time, cultural participation in the public space is very limited: only 14% of respondents more or less regularly attend cultural events (performances, film shows, concerts, exhibitions), about 6% take an active part in the organization and conducting of cultural events. Under gіven circumstances, we can talk about the strengthening of cultural polarization in the current conditions of emergency in the Ukrainian society, the lack of conditions for the full satisfaction of citizens’ basic rights to rest, participate in culture, and support of cultural identity.
It is emphasized that the database of the monitoring study “Ukrainian society” of the Institute of Sociology NAS of Ukraine contains a set of indicators that are similar to those developed in the international cultural statistics and make it possible to analyze the structure and dynamics of the cultural participation of the population.
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